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1.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 36(2): 628-635, 01-03-2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146433

ABSTRACT

The demographic transition that occurred in Brazil brought changes in its health indicators. Integrated Continuous Care (ICC) was organized as a health care model aimed at increasing the independence and well-being of people with acute or recent functional dependence. This study aimed to describe the development and implementation of the Integrated Continuous Care in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This care model utilized the principles of the National Humanization Policy, such as the extended and shared clinic, embracement, educational practices and meetings with caregivers, families, and patients, open visits, participation and autonomy of the patient and family in the construction of the Singular Therapeutic Project, and shared discharge from hospital. Assistance and support to patients who were already released from ICC must be increased in the primary health care setting to ensure continuity of recovery, better readaptation, and successful family and social reintegration. As a positive result, we set up an outpatient clinic for ICC patients who needed continuous clinical follow-up after rehabilitation. This allows patient re-evaluation, reduces re-admission rates, and maintains the domiciliary care management educational process. As an innovative approach to improving health care outcomes, ICC allows the patients to leave the hospital environment and go home on some weekends. The ICC project has enabled many advances, especially in patient-centered care and shared decision-making. The support of the São Julião Hospital administration has been vital to the success of ICC Unit treatments.


A transição demográfica identificada no Brasil trouxe mudança de indicadores de saúde. Os Cuidados Continuados Integrados (CCI) se formatam como um modelo de assistência que busca aumentar a independência e bem estar das pessoas com dependência funcional aguda ou recente. O estudo tem como objetivo de descrever a construção e implantação dos Cuidados Continuados Integrados no estado de MatoGrosso do Sul, Brasil. Este modelo de assistência utiliza ferramentas da Política Nacional de Humanização, como clínica ampliada e compartilhada, acolhimento, práticas educativas e reuniões com cuidadores, familiares e pacientes, visitas abertas, participação e autonomia do paciente e familiares no projeto terapêutico singular e alta compartilhada. A assistência e o apoio aos pacientes pós-alta CCI precisam ser fortalecidos na rede básica de saúde, a fim de garantir a continuidade da recuperação, readaptação e perfeita reinserção familiar e social. Como resultado positivo, iniciou-se o ambulatório para pacientes egressos do CCI que precisavam de acompanhamento clínico contínuo após a reabilitação. Esse ambulatório permite a reavaliação do paciente, contribui para reduzir a reinternação e mantém o processo educacional de gerenciamento do cuidado domiciliar. Enquanto inovação em saúde para melhorar os resultados dos cuidados de saúde, o CCI permite a saída dos pacientes do ambiente hospitalar para o domicilio em alguns finais de semana. O projeto CCI trouxe muitos avanços, especialmente o cuidado centrado no paciente e a decisão compartilhada. O apoio da administração do Hospital São Julião tem sido vital para o sucesso dos tratamentos realizados na unidade CCI.


Subject(s)
Humanization of Assistance , Patient Care , Primary Health Care , Rehabilitation , Caregivers , Policy , Home Care Services , Home Nursing
2.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 36(1): 266-275, jan./feb. 2020. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049248

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Integrated Continuous Care on the functional independence of the elderly. This cohort study included participants aged 60 years or older who had experienced a disabling event or disease, and were admitted to rehabilitation in a Brazilian Integrated Continuous Care Unit. The functional gain was evaluated by the Barthel index.Fifty-nine elderly individuals admitted due to a disabling event or disease at the ICCU were assisted from March 2014 to February 2015. Since twenty-two of these were excluded, only 37 participants were evaluated. The mean age of the elderly that were included was 70.41 years (± 1.40) and most of them presented an ischemic stroke diagnosis (64.9%). The total functional gain was 24.05 (± 3.84) points, with an average stay of 32.32 (± 2.18) days. When compared with the degree of dependence on the admission and at discharge, total or severe dependence was identified in 62.2% on admission and mild dependence or total independence was identified in 54.1% at discharge, with a significant decrease in the percentage of the elderly with total dependence between admission and discharge (McNemar test, p = 0.001). At hospital discharge, 70.3% of the elderly had better individual performance in their Activities of Daily Living than at hospital admission and none of them got worse. The multi-professional team-based approach in the Integrated Continuous Care assistance model favors the elderly with gain in functionality and independence. The social network involvement of the elderly lead to their empowerment and co-responsibility along with their family/caregiver in pursuit of the therapeutic goals established together.


Investigar a influência dos Cuidados Continuados Integrados na independência funcional de idosos. Este estudo de coorte incluiu participantes com 60 anos ou mais que sofreram algum evento ou doença incapacitante e que foram internados para reabilitação em Unidade Brasileira de Cuidados Continuados Integrados. O ganho funcional foi avaliado pelo índice de Barthel. Cinquenta e nove idosos admitidos por um evento ou doença incapacitante na UCCI foram atendidos de março de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015. Como vinte e dois deles foram excluídos, apenas 37 participantes foram avaliados. A média de idade dos pacientes incluídos foi de 70,41 anos (± 1,40) e a maioria apresentou AVC isquêmico como diagnóstico (64,9%). O ganho funcional total foi de 24,05 (± 3,84) pontos, com tempo médio de permanência de 32,32 (± 2,18) dias. Quando comparados o grau de dependência na admissão e na alta, a dependência total ou grave foi identificada em 62,2% na admissão e a dependência leve ou independência total foi identificada em 54,1% na alta, com uma diminuição significativa no percentual de pacientes com dependência total entre admissão e alta (teste de McNemar, p = 0,001). Na alta hospitalar, 70,3% dos pacientes apresentaram melhor desempenho individual em suas Atividades de Vida Diária do que no momento da admissão hospitalar e nenhum paciente piorou. A abordagem multiprofissional baseada em equipe no modelo assistencial do Cuidado Integrado Contínuo beneficia o idoso, com ganho de funcionalidade e independência. O envolvimento do paciente na rede social leva ao empoderamento e corresponsabilidade deste e da família/cuidador na busca dos objetivos terapêuticos estabelecidos em conjunto.


Subject(s)
Rehabilitation , Aged , Activities of Daily Living , Treatment Outcome , Patient Care
3.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 22(3): 177-185, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974212

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives To estimate vertical HIV transmission rate in a capital city of the Midwest region of Brazil and describe the factors related to transmission. Methods A descriptive epidemiological study based on the analysis of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The analysis considered all HIV-infected pregnant women with delivery in Campo Grande-MS in the years 2007-2013 and their HIV-exposed infants. Results A total of 218 births of 176 HIV-infected pregnant women were identified during the study period, of which 187 infants were exposed and uninfected, 19 seroconverted, and 12 were still inconclusive in July 2015. Therefore, the overall vertical HIV transmission rate in the period was 8.7%. Most (71.6%) of HIV-infected pregnant women were less than 30 years at delivery, housewives (63.6%) and studied up to primary level (61.9%). Prenatal information was described in 75.3% of the notification forms and approximately 80% of pregnant women received antiretroviral prophylaxis. Among infants, 86.2% received prophylaxis, but little more than half received it during the whole period recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Among the exposed children, 11.3% were breastfed. Conclusion The vertical HIV transmission rate has increased over the years and the recommended interventions have not been fully adopted. HIV-infected pregnant women need adequate prophylactic measures in prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum, requiring greater integration among health professionals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Breast Feeding , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Cesarean Section , Blotting, Western , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Educational Status , Natural Childbirth
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 22(2): 142-145, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039213

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The HIV-1 initial viral infection may present diverse clinical and laboratory course and lead to rapid, intermediate, or long-term progression. Among the group of non-progressors, the elite controllers are those who control the infection most effectively, in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this paper, the TH1, TH2 and TH17 cytokines profiles are described, as well as clinical and laboratory aspects of an HIV-infected patient with undetectable viral load without antiretroviral therapy. Production of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 was detected; in contrast IL-4 was identified. Host-related factors could help explain such a level of infection control, namely the differentiated modulation of the cellular immune response and a non-polarized cytokine response of the TH1 and TH2 profiles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , HIV Infections/immunology , Cytokines/immunology , HIV-1 , HIV Long-Term Survivors , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , HIV Infections/blood , HIV Infections/virology , Th2 Cells/immunology , Th1 Cells/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Viral Load , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Immunity, Cellular/immunology
6.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 18(2): 177-180, Mar-Apr/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709417

ABSTRACT

In many parts of the world, numerous outbreaks of pertussis have been described despite high vaccination coverage. In this article we report the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Brazil using a Surveillance Worksheet. Secondary data of pertussis case investigations reported from January 1999 to December 2008 recorded in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Central Laboratory for Public Health (LACEN-MS) were utilized. The total of 561 suspected cases were reported and 238 (42.4%) of these were confirmed, mainly in children under six months (61.8%) and with incomplete immunization (56.3%). Two outbreaks were detected. Mortality rate ranged from 2.56% to 11.11%. The occurrence of outbreaks and the poor performance of cultures for confirming diagnosis are problems which need to be addressed. High vaccination coverage is certainly a good strategy to reduce the number of cases and to reduce the impact of the disease in children younger than six months.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Disease Outbreaks , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Whooping Cough/prevention & control
7.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 50(4): 827-837, Oct-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741352

ABSTRACT

The need for specific care, coupled with new family arrangements, has contributed to the increasing institutionalization of elderly members. The purpose of this study was to evaluate drug use by institutionalized older adults according to Beers Criteria. This prospective, longitudinal study was conducted in the three non-profit long-stay geriatric care institutions of Campo Grande, in the Central-West region of Brazil. All subjects aged 60 years and above on November 2011 were included and followed until November 2012. Eighteen subjects were excluded and the final sample consisted of 133 individuals aged 60 to 113 years. Overall, 212 medications were used at geriatric care institution A, 532 at B, and 1329 at C. Thirty-four drugs were inappropriately prescribed 89 times at geriatric care institution A (41.98%), 49 prescribed 177 times at B (33.27%), and 91 prescribed 461 times at C (34.68%). Statistical differences in the inappropriate drug use were found between genders (p=0.007). The most commonly used potentially inappropriate medication were first-generation antihistamines (15.34%). There was a high frequency in the use of potentially inappropriate medications which can initiate marked side effects and may compromise the fragile health of institutionalized elderly. Thus, adopting the Beers Criteria in prescribing medication contributes to minimize adverse reactions and drug interactions.


A exigência de cuidados específicos, aliada aos novos arranjos familiares, tem contribuído para a crescente institucionalização dos idosos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o uso de medicamentos por idosos institucionalizados utilizando os Critérios de Beers. Este estudo longitudinal prospectivo foi realizado nas três instituições de longa permanência para idosos de Campo Grande, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Todos os sujeitos com 60 anos ou mais foram incluídos em Novembro de 2011 e acompanhados até Novembro de 2012. Dezoito idosos foram excluídos, sendo a amostra final composta por 133 sujeitos com idade entre 60 e 113 anos. O total de medicamentos utilizados foi 212 na instituição A, 532 na B e 1329 na C. Foram identificados 34 medicamentos inapropriados, prescritos 89 vezes na instituição A (41.98%), 49 prescritos 177 vezes na B (67.29%) e 90 prescritos 460 vezes na C (34.61%). Este estudo demonstrou diferença estatística na utilização de medicamentos inapropriados entre os gêneros (p=0.007). Os anti-histamínicos de 1ª geração foram os medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos mais utilizados (15.34%). Houve elevada frequência no uso de MPI, os quais podem desencadear efeitos colaterais acentuados e comprometer mais a saúde fragilizada do idoso institucionalizado. Ainda, a adoção dos Critérios de Beers na prescrição contribui para minimizar as reações adversas e interações medicamentosas.


Subject(s)
Aged , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List , Polypharmacy , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List/statistics & numerical data
8.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 24(2): 151-156, abr.-jun. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-644645

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar as prescrições medicamentosas em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto em hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo unicêntrico, observacional, descritivo, transversal realizado em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto geral. A população foi constituída por todos os pacientes internados na unidade no período de janeiro a março de 2011. Foi verificada a presença dos seguintes itens na prescrição: nome do medicamento (genérico, comercial ou abreviatura), concentração, forma farmacêutica, posologia, via de administração, nome e registro do paciente na instituição, clínica e leito de internação, nome, número do conselho e assinatura do prescritor e data. Quantificou-se a porcentagem de medicamentos prescritos pertencentes à Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais, Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais da Organização Mundial da Saúde e Guia Farmacoterapêutico do Núcleo Hospital Universitário. Os medicamentos foram classificados com base no sistema Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical níveis 1 e 2. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 844 prescrições de 72 pacientes com média de idade de 59,04 ± 21,80, sendo 54,92% do gênero feminino. O número médio de prescrições por paciente foi 11,72 ± 11,68. O total de medicamentos prescritos foi de 12.052. Destes, 9.571(79,41%) foram prescritos pela denominação genérica. A forma farmacêutica foi a informação mais ausente na descrição dos medicamentos (8.829/73,26%). A concentração dos medicamentos foi descrita para 7.231 (60%) dos medicamentos. As informações sobre o prescritor e paciente estiveram presentes em mais de 96% das prescrições. Os medicamentos prescritos foram classificados em 13 grupos terapêuticos e 55 subgrupos. Entre os subgrupos mais prescritos, destacaram-se os antibacterianos de uso sistêmico. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das informações analisadas esteve presente nas prescrições. Porém, dados sobre concentração e forma farmacêutica dos fármacos faltaram em grande parte das prescrições. A caracterização das mesmas nas diferentes unidades hospitalares é imprescindível para a elaboração de estratégias que visem minimizar os problemas relacionados ao uso de medicamentos.


OBJECTIVE:To characterize drug prescriptions in a university hospital adult intensive care unit. METHODS: Single-center, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at an adult general intensive care unit. The study population included all of the unit's inpatients from January to March 2011. The following characteristics for all prescriptions recorded during this period were examined: drug name (generic, brand name or abbreviation), dosage strength, pharmaceutical form, dose, route of administration, patient name, patient registration in the institution, clinic and hospital bed as well as the name, board license number, signature of the prescriber and date of the prescription. It was quantified the percentage of prescribed drugs included in the National List of Essential Drugs, the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines and the University Hospital Center Pharmacotherapy Guide. The prescribed drugs were classified based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system (levels 1 and 2). RESULTS: Eight hundred forty-four prescriptions were reviewed from 72 patients (mean age: 59.04 ± 21.80), 54.92% of whom were female. The mean number of prescriptions per patient was 11.72 ± 11.68. The total number of drugs prescribed was 12,052 and 9,571 (79.41%) of the drugs were prescribed using the generic name. The most frequent absent information in the drug description was the pharmaceutical form of the drug (8,829/73.26%). The dosage strength was indicated in 7,231 (60%) of the prescriptions, and the prescriber and patient information were indicated in over 96% of the prescriptions. The prescribed drugs were classified in 13 therapeutic groups and 55 subgroups. Systemic antibacterials represented one of the most frequently prescribed subgroups. CONCLUSION: Most of the reviewed information was present in the prescriptions. However, the dosage strength and pharmaceutical form were absent in many prescriptions. The characterization of prescriptions at different hospital units is essential for the development of strategies that reduce drug utilization problems.

9.
Rev. bras. toxicol ; 21(2): 81-86, 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-524339

ABSTRACT

The easy access of the Brazilian population to medicines is a strong component to the occurrence of poisoning with medication. Due to differences in pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and factors of exposure, children are more susceptible to the occurrence of poisoning with medication than adults. This study aimed to evaluate poisoning with medication in childhood in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, from January 2005 to December 2006, reported to the Integrated Center of Toxicological Surveillance (CIVITOX). Through the analysis of CIVITOX’s filling cards of attendance and notification, it was found 296 cases of children that poisoned with medication. Psychotropics were the main responsible for poisonings (22.7 percent), followed by antimicrobials and antiparasitic (14.9 percent) and drugs that act on the respiratory system (13.0 percent). Children aged 1 to 4 years old were involved in 79.4 percent of the total poisoning occurred with medication. Thus, it is essential to disclosure risk factors for society than parents will have more knowledge and could change behavior about the subject.


O fácil acesso da população brasileira aos medicamentos constitui um forte componente para a ocorrência de eventos tóxicos. Devido às diferenças na farmacocinética, farmacodinâmica e fatores de exposição, crianças são mais suscetíveis à ocorrência de eventos tóxicos com medicamentos que adultos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os eventos tóxicos com medicamentos ocorridos em crianças no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006, notificados ao Centro Integrado de Vigilância Toxicológica (CIVITOX). Através da análise das Fichas de Atendimento e Notificaçãodo CIVITOX foram encontrados 296 eventos tóxicos com medicamentos em crianças. Os medicamentos que atuam no sistema nervoso central foram os principais responsáveis pelos eventos tóxicos (22,7 por cento), seguidos de antimicrobianos e antiparasitários (14,9 por cento) e medicamentos que atuam no sistema respiratório (13,0 por cento). Do total de eventos tóxicos, 79,4 por cento ocorreram em crianças de 1 a 4 anos. Desta forma, é indispensável a divulgação dos fatores de risco à sociedade para que haja mais conhecimento sobre o assunto e mudança de comportamento, principalmente dos responsáveis pelas crianças de faixa etária de maior risco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Accident Prevention , Poisoning , Toxic Substances , Drug Evaluation/statistics & numerical data , Health Surveillance , Poison Control Centers
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